Transcontinental Cycling: Best Routes, Preparation, and Safety

What is the best cycling route across the United States?

The "best" cycling route across the United States is highly subjective, depending on a rider's experience, desired scenery, physical challenge, available time, and support preferences; however, several well-established routes offer distinct advantages and cater to different types of adventurers.

Defining "Best": Factors to Consider

Determining the "best" route is less about a single definitive answer and more about aligning a route's characteristics with your personal goals and capabilities. As an expert in human movement and performance, I emphasize that the physical and mental demands of a transcontinental ride are immense, making route selection a critical first step. Consider the following:

• Terrain and Elevation: Do you prefer flat plains, rolling hills, or challenging mountain passes? The cumulative elevation gain can significantly impact daily mileage and overall fatigue.
• Scenery and Cultural Experience: Are you drawn to coastal views, desert landscapes, dense forests, historical towns, or bustling cities? Each route offers a unique tapestry of American geography and culture.
• Weather and Seasonality: When do you plan to ride? Northern routes are best in summer, while southern routes are more suitable for spring and fall to avoid extreme heat or cold.
• Support and Services: Do you prefer routes with frequent towns for resupply, or are you comfortable with longer stretches of self-sufficiency? Routes supported by organizations often provide more detailed mapping and logistical advice.
• Traffic and Safety: How comfortable are you with riding on roads with vehicle traffic? Some routes prioritize quieter roads and dedicated bike paths where available.
• Time Commitment: The length of the route and your average daily mileage will dictate the total time required, which can range from 30 days for elite riders to 3-4 months for a more leisurely pace.

Popular Transcontinental Cycling Routes

While countless variations exist, several routes have become iconic for their comprehensive mapping, community support, and diverse offerings. The Adventure Cycling Association (ACA) is the foremost resource, having mapped most of these popular routes.

The TransAmerica Trail (Adventure Cycling Association)

Often considered the quintessential cross-country cycling route, the TransAmerica Trail (TA) was developed in 1976 for the Bikecentennial event.

• Route: Approximately 4,228 miles, stretching from Yorktown, Virginia, to Astoria, Oregon.
• Characteristics:
  • Historical Significance: Follows a significant historical path, offering a rich cultural experience.
  • Varied Terrain: Features a mix of rolling hills in the Appalachians, flat plains in the Midwest, and challenging climbs over the Rockies (Wyoming, Colorado) and Cascades (Oregon).
  • Established Infrastructure: Passes through numerous small towns, offering frequent opportunities for resupply, lodging, and local interaction. Many towns have a history of hosting cyclists, fostering a supportive environment.
  • Community: Due to its popularity, you're likely to encounter other touring cyclists, creating a sense of camaraderie.
  • Best Time to Ride: East to West, start in May/early June to cross the Rockies in summer. West to East is also possible but less common.
• Why it might be "best": Its balance of challenge, accessibility, established infrastructure, and community make it an excellent choice for first-time cross-country riders and those seeking a classic American adventure.

The Southern Tier Route (Adventure Cycling Association)

For those looking to avoid the harshest winter weather or prefer a less mountainous profile than the TransAmerica Trail, the Southern Tier Route is a compelling alternative.

• Route: Approximately 3,091 miles, from San Diego, California, to St. Augustine, Florida.
• Characteristics:
  • Climate: Primarily traverses southern states, making it ideal for spring (west to east) or fall (east to west) rides. Avoid summer due to extreme heat and humidity.
  • Diverse Landscapes: Features the arid deserts of California and Arizona, the flat plains of Texas, the bayous of Louisiana, and the coastal roads of Florida.
  • Cultural Experience: Offers a deep dive into Southern American culture, cuisine, and history.
  • Less Elevation: Generally flatter than the TransAmerica, though it still has climbs, particularly in Southern California and Arizona.
  • Traffic: Can encounter more traffic in certain sections, especially through Texas and parts of the Southeast.
• Why it might be "best": Its milder climate during shoulder seasons and generally less demanding elevation make it attractive for riders seeking a long-distance tour without the high mountain passes.

The Northern Tier Route (Adventure Cycling Association)

For riders who thrive in cooler climates and enjoy scenic northern landscapes, the Northern Tier Route provides a distinct experience.

• Route: Approximately 4,295 miles, from Bar Harbor, Maine, to Anacortes, Washington.
• Characteristics:
  • Climate: Best ridden during the summer months (June-August) to avoid snow in the mountains and cold in the plains.
  • Spectacular Scenery: Features stunning views of the Great Lakes, the vast plains of the Dakotas, and the majestic Rocky Mountains in Montana and Washington.
  • Wilderness Sections: Includes more remote sections, particularly in the Upper Midwest and Montana, requiring careful planning for resupply.
  • International Border Crossings: Riders have the option to dip into Canada for portions, adding an international flavor.
  • Elevation: Contains significant climbs in the Appalachian Mountains, the Rockies, and the Cascades.
• Why it might be "best": Ideal for adventurers who prefer cooler weather, enjoy remote stretches, and are drawn to the rugged beauty of the northern United States and its proximity to Canada.

The Western Express Route (Adventure Cycling Association)

Often used as an alternative or supplement to the TransAmerica Trail, the Western Express offers a more direct and challenging path through the western U.S.

• Route: Approximately 1,600 miles, from San Francisco, California, to Pueblo, Colorado (where it connects with the TransAmerica).
• Characteristics:
  • Directness: A shorter, more direct route across the challenging Western states.
  • Significant Climbs: Known for its substantial mountain passes, including the Sierra Nevada and the Rockies, making it a physically demanding option.
  • Remote Sections: Features long, remote stretches through Nevada and Utah deserts, requiring careful water and food planning.
  • Scenic Beauty: Rewards riders with breathtaking views of the varied Western landscape.
• Why it might be "best": For experienced cyclists seeking a significant physical challenge, stunning Western scenery, and a more direct path through the mountains to connect with other routes.

Other Notable Routes and Considerations

Beyond the ACA's flagship routes, other options exist:

• Underground Railroad Bicycle Route (ACA): A historically significant route from Mobile, Alabama, to Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada, focusing on cultural heritage.
• Great Divide Mountain Bike Route (GDMBR): The longest off-pavement cycling route in the world, stretching from Banff, Alberta, to Antelope Wells, New Mexico. This is a mountain biking route, not suitable for road bikes, and requires advanced off-road skills and self-sufficiency.
• Custom Routes: Many experienced riders create their own routes using tools like Google Maps, RideWithGPS, or Komoot, allowing for maximum personalization. This requires extensive planning and navigation skills.

Physical and Logistical Preparation for a Cross-Country Ride

Regardless of the route chosen, successful completion hinges on meticulous preparation.

• Physical Conditioning:
  • Endurance: Build a strong aerobic base with long rides (3-6 hours) several times a week.
  • Strength Training: Focus on core strength, glutes, hamstrings, and quadriceps to support sustained effort and prevent injury. Include exercises like squats, lunges, planks, and deadlifts.
  • Flexibility and Mobility: Incorporate stretching and foam rolling to maintain range of motion and reduce muscle stiffness.
  • Bike Fit: A professional bike fit is non-negotiable to prevent overuse injuries and optimize efficiency over thousands of miles.
  • Nutrition and Hydration: Practice your on-bike nutrition strategy during training rides. Understand your caloric and fluid needs in varied conditions.
• Logistical Planning:
  • Equipment: Invest in a reliable touring bike, durable tires, quality panniers or bikepacking bags, and essential repair tools.
  • Navigation: Learn to use physical maps, GPS devices, and smartphone apps proficiently.
  • Budgeting: Plan for food, lodging (camping, hotels, Warmshowers), bike maintenance, and emergencies.
  • Emergency Preparedness: Carry a first-aid kit, know basic bike mechanics, and have a communication plan.
  • Support System: Inform friends and family of your route and check-in schedule.

Safety and Support on Your Journey

Safety must be paramount.

• Visibility: Wear bright clothing, use reflective gear, and ensure your bike has strong front and rear lights, even during the day.
• Traffic Awareness: Practice defensive cycling, anticipate vehicle movements, and be aware of your surroundings at all times.
• Environmental Hazards: Be prepared for extreme weather, sun exposure, insect bites, and wildlife encounters.
• Community Resources: Utilize online forums, Facebook groups, and organizations like the ACA for route updates, advice, and connecting with other riders. Many small towns along popular routes are incredibly supportive of cyclists.

Making Your Choice: A Personalized Decision

The "best" cross-country cycling route is the one that best suits your individual aspirations, physical readiness, and tolerance for adventure. Each route offers a unique challenge and reward. Research extensively, train diligently, and embrace the journey. The United States offers an incredible canvas for a cycling epic; your task is to choose the brushstrokes that define your adventure.