Ashtanga Yoga: Founder K. Pattabhi Jois, Principles, and Legacy

What is the father of Ashtanga yoga?

The father of modern Ashtanga yoga is K. Pattabhi Jois, who systematized and popularized this dynamic style of yoga based on teachings he received from his guru, T. Krishnamacharya.

Understanding Ashtanga Yoga

Ashtanga yoga is a rigorous, dynamic, and physically demanding style of yoga that follows a specific sequence of postures (asanas) linked by breath (vinyasa). It is rooted in ancient yogic traditions but was organized into its modern form in the 20th century. Known for its fixed series of poses, Ashtanga emphasizes strength, flexibility, stamina, and mental focus, making it a cornerstone for many contemporary vinyasa styles.

K. Pattabhi Jois: The Architect of Modern Ashtanga

K. Pattabhi Jois (1915–2009) is widely recognized as the central figure responsible for the global dissemination and popularization of Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga. Born in Kowshika, India, Jois began his yoga journey at a young age, eventually becoming a devoted student of the renowned yogi T. Krishnamacharya, often called the "father of modern yoga."

• Early Training and Guru's Influence: Jois spent many years studying with Krishnamacharya, meticulously learning and memorizing the sequences and philosophical underpinnings that would later form the basis of Ashtanga. He dedicated his life to preserving and teaching what he understood to be the authentic practice.
• Systematization and Codification: While Krishnamacharya taught various styles, Jois focused on a specific sequence of postures and breathing techniques, which he believed to be derived from an ancient text called the Yoga Korunta. He organized these into the now-famous six series of Ashtanga Yoga.
• The Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute (AYRI): In 1948, Jois established the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute (later renamed Shri K. Pattabhi Jois Ashtanga Yoga Institute - KPJAYI, and now Sharath Yoga Centre) in Mysore, India. This institute became the primary hub for students from around the world to learn Ashtanga directly from him.
• Global Expansion: Jois began traveling internationally in the 1970s, introducing Ashtanga to Western practitioners. His dedicated students then spread the practice further, establishing studios and teaching lineages across North America, Europe, and beyond.

The Influence of T. Krishnamacharya

It is crucial to acknowledge Tirumalai Krishnamacharya (1888–1989) as the guru who taught K. Pattabhi Jois. Krishnamacharya was a scholar, healer, and yogi who revived many ancient yogic practices and is considered one of the most influential yoga masters of the 20th century. He was also the teacher of other prominent figures like B.K.S. Iyengar and Indra Devi. While Jois developed and popularized the specific Ashtanga Vinyasa system, the foundational knowledge and inspiration undeniably came from Krishnamacharya.

Core Principles of Ashtanga Yoga

Ashtanga yoga is characterized by several key elements that make it a distinct and powerful practice:

• Vinyasa: The synchronization of breath with movement, creating a continuous flow between postures. Each movement is initiated by an inhale or an exhale.
• Tristhana: This refers to the three places of attention:
  • Posture (Asana): The physical form of the pose.
  • Breathing System (Pranayama): Specifically, Ujjayi breath, which involves a soft constriction in the throat, producing an oceanic sound.
  • Gazing Point (Drishti): Specific focal points for the eyes during each posture, aiding concentration and internal awareness.
• Six Series: The practice is structured into a fixed sequence of six series:
  • Primary Series (Yoga Chikitsa): Focuses on detoxification and alignment of the body.
  • Intermediate Series (Nadi Shodhana): Cleanses the nervous system.
  • Advanced Series A, B, C, D (Sthira Bhaga): Requires great strength and flexibility, practiced by very few.
• Mysore Style: A unique teaching method where students practice at their own pace within a group setting, receiving individual adjustments and new postures from the teacher when ready. This self-paced, individualized approach is a hallmark of traditional Ashtanga.

Legacy and Impact

K. Pattabhi Jois's dedication to teaching and his unwavering commitment to the Ashtanga method have left an indelible mark on the world of yoga. His teachings have inspired millions, providing a structured and disciplined path for physical, mental, and spiritual development. Ashtanga's emphasis on consistent practice, breath, and movement has influenced countless modern yoga styles, solidifying its place as a foundational practice in contemporary yoga.

Key Takeaways for Practitioners

For those engaging with Ashtanga yoga, understanding its lineage and core principles is crucial:

• Discipline and Consistency: Ashtanga is a practice that rewards daily, consistent effort.
• Breath is Paramount: The breath is not just an accompaniment; it is the engine of the practice.
• Respect the Lineage: Acknowledge the profound contributions of K. Pattabhi Jois and T. Krishnamacharya in shaping this powerful system.
• Listen to Your Body: While rigorous, the practice should always be approached with awareness of one's physical capabilities and limitations.