Cardiac Output: Formula, Components, and Importance in A-Level PE
Cardiac output (CO) is the total volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle per minute, calculated by multiplying heart rate (HR) by stroke volume (...
By Hart
Category: Exercise Physiology
Browsing all articles filed under the "Exercise Physiology" category.
Threshold Heart Rate: Definition, Importance, and How to Determine It
The threshold heart rate is the highest exercise intensity an individual can sustain without rapid accumulation of metabolic byproducts, marking the t...
By Hart
Respiratory System: Its Crucial Role in Aerobic Exercise, Gas Exchange, and Performance
The respiratory system is crucial for aerobic exercise by facilitating oxygen intake for energy production and removing carbon dioxide to maintain pH ...
By Alex
Lactate: Why It Increases During Exercise, Its Benefits, and Training Adaptations
Lactate increases during intense exercise because the rate of glucose breakdown (glycolysis) exceeds the mitochondria's capacity to process pyruvate, ...
By Alex
Oxygen Deficit in Exercise: Causes, Energy Systems, and Implications
An oxygen deficit in exercise occurs when the immediate energy demand at the start or during intensity increases exceeds the aerobic system's oxygen s...
By Hart
Heat Loss During Exercise: Evaporation, Convection, Radiation, and Strategies
During exercise, the primary and most effective mechanism for the human body to dissipate excess heat and maintain core temperature is evaporation, sp...
By Hart
Exercise: Understanding Responses, Adaptations, and Their Interplay
Exercise responses are immediate, acute physiological changes during or immediately after a single bout of exercise, while exercise adaptations are ch...
By Hart
Fatigue: Mechanisms, Types, and Influencing Factors
Fatigue accumulates through a combination of peripheral mechanisms within the muscle and central mechanisms originating in the nervous system, ultimat...
By Jordan
VO2 Max and FTP: Relationship, Significance, and Training Implications
Functional Threshold Power (FTP) typically corresponds to 75% to 90% of an individual's VO2 max for well-trained athletes, signifying the highest sust...
By Hart
